Publications

I try to keep the following list of publications up to date, and to provide direct access to the papers when possible. There are several other ways to see my publications, however: my CV is on-line, and my Google Scholar page is public. (My page on Microsoft Academic Search is much less accurate, but I can't seem to fix it.)

• S. O’Hara and B. Draper, “Are You Using the Right Approximate Nearest Neighbor Algorithm?”, IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, Clearwater Beach, FL, Jan. 17-18, 2013.
• Q. Mo and B. Draper, “Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Motion Segmentation with Missing Data”, European Conference on Computer Vision, Florence, Oct. 7-13, 2012.
• S. O’Hara and B. Draper, “Scalable Action Recognition with a Subspace Forest”, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Providence, R.I., June 18-20, 2012.
• Y.-M. Lui, D. Bolme, J. Phillips, R. Beveridge and B. Draper. "Preliminary Studies on The Good, The Bad and The Ugly Face Recognition Challenge Problem", Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, Providence, RI June 2012.
• J. Philliips, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, G. Givens, A. O’Toole, D. Bolme, J. Dunlop, Y.M. Lui, H. Sahibzada, S. Weimer. “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Face Challenge Problem,” Image and Vision Computing, 30(3):177-185, March 2012.
• S. O’Hara and B. Draper, “Using a Product Manifold Distance for Unsupervised Action Recognition”, Image and Vision Computing 30(3):206-216, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2011.11.001
• M.N. Teli, R. Beveridge, J. Phillips, G. Givens, B. Draper and D. Bolme. “Biometric Zoos: Theory and Experimental Evidence”, International Joint Conference on Biometrics, Washington, D.C., Oct. 2011.
• D. Bolme, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, J. Phillips and Y-M. Lui. “Automatically Searching for Optimal Parameter Settings Using a Genetic Algorithm”, International Conference on Vision Systems, Sophia Antipolis, France, Sept. 2011, pp. 213-222.
• S. O’Hara and B. Draper, “Unsupervised Learning of Micro-action Exemplars using a Product Manifold”, IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal-based Surveillance, Klagenfurt, Austria, Aug 30-Sept. 2, 2011.
• S. O’Hara, Y.M. Lui and B. Draper, “Unsupervised Learning of Human Expressions, Gestures, and Actions,” IEEE Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, Santa Barbara, CA, March 2011.
• R. Beveridge, J. Phillips, G. Givens, B. Draper, M. Nayeem and D. Bolme, “When High-Quality Face Images Match Poorly,” IEEE Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, Santa Barbara, CA, March 2011.
• J. Philips, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, G. Givens, A. O'Toole, D. Bolme, Y.M. Lui, J. Dunlop and S. Weimer, “An Introduction to the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Face Recognition Challenge Problem,” IEEE Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, Santa Barbara, CA, March 2011.
• J. Beveridge, G. Givens, J. Phillips, B. Draper, D. Bolme and Y.M. Lui, “FRVT 2006: Quo Vadis Image Quality”, Image and Vision Computing, 28(5):732-743, May 2010.
• D. Bolme, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, and Y.M. Lui. “Visual Object Tracking using Adaptive Correlation Filters”, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Francisco, CA, June, 2010.
• R. Beveridge, D. Bolme, B. Draper, G. Givens, Y.-M. Lui, and J. Phillips. "Quantifying How Lighting and Focus Affect Face Recognition Performance", Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, San Francisco, June 2010.
• J. Beveridge, B. Draper, J-M Chang, M. Kirby, H. Kley, C. Peterson. "Principal Angles Separate Subject Illumination Spaces in YDB and CMU-PIE", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 31(2):351-356, 2009
• R. Beveridge, G. Givens, J. Phillips, B. Draper, “Factors that Influence Algorithm Performance in the Face Recognition Grand Challenge”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 113( 6):750-762, June 2009.
• D. Bolme, Y.M. Lui , B. Draper, R. Beveridge, “Simple Real-Time Human Detection using a Single Correlation Filter”, 12th IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Salt Lake City, Utah, Dec. 2009.
• D. Bolme, R. Beveridge and B. Draper. “FaceL: Facile Face Labeling”, International Conference on Vision Systems, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 2009, p.21- 32.
• T. Comer and B. Draper. “Interest Point Stability Prediction”, International Conference on Vision Systems, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 2009, p. 315-324
• Y.M. Lui, D. Bolme, B. Draper, R. Beveridge, G. Givens and J. Phillips. “A Meta-Analysis of Face Recognition Coavariates”, IEEE Workshop on Biometrics Theory, Application, and Systems, Washington D.C., Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2009.
• D. Moore, J. Stevens, S. Lundberg and B. Draper. "Top-down Image Segmentation Using Congealing and Graph-cut", IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Tampa, FL, Dec. 8-11, 2008.
• Y.-M. Liu, R. Beveridge, B. Draper and M. Kirby. "Image-set matching using a geodesic distance and cohort normalization", IEEE International Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, Amsterdam, Sept. 17-19, 2008.
• R. Beveridge, G. Givens, J. Phillips, B. Draper and Y.-M. Liu. "Focus on Quality: Predicting FRVT 2006 Performance," IEEE International Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, Amsterdam, Sept. 17-19, 2008.
• B. Draper. "A Biomimetic Architecture", International Conference on Vision Systems, Bielefeld, Germany, March 21-24, 2007.
• J-M Chang, M. Kirby, H. Kley, H. Kley, C. Peterson, B. Draper, and R. Beveridge. “Recognition of digital images of the human face at ultra low resolution via illumination spaces” in 8th Asian Conference on Computer Vision. 2007. Tokyo: IEEE CS Press
• L.J Troup, M.A. Pitts, B.A. Draper and E.K. Catellier. “High Band Pass Filters of Face Images and their Effect on the N170 Event Related Potential” in Vision Sciences Society. 2007. Sarasota, FL: Journal of Vision 6(6).
• K. Saitwal, A. Maciejewski, B. Roberts and B. Draper. “Using the Low Resolution Properties of Correlated Images to Improve the Computational Efficiency of Eigenspace Decomposition,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 15(8):2376-87, 2006.
• J-M Chang, M. Kirby, H. Kley, C. Peterson, R. Beveridge and B. Draper. "Examples of Set-to-set Image Classification", Seventh International Conference on Mathematics in Signal Processing, The Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, England. Dec. 2006, pp. 102-105.
• J-M Chang, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, M. Kirby, H. Kley and C. Peterson. "Illumination Face Spaces Are Idiosyncratic", in Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, & Pattern Recognition, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 26-29, 2006, Volume 2, pp. 390-396.
• B. Draper and A. Lionelle. “Evaluation of Selective Attention under Similarity Transformations”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 100:152-171, 2005.
• B. Draper, D. Elliott, J. Hayes and K. Baek. “EM in High Dimensional Spaces”, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 35(3):571-577, 2005.
• D. Bolme, R. Beveridge, M. Teixeira and B. Draper. "The CSU Face Identification Evaluation System: Its Purpose, Features and Structure", Machine Vision and Applications, 16(2):128-138, 2005 .
• R. Beveridge, B. Draper, G. Givens and W. Fisher. “Introduction to the Statistical Evaluation of Face Recognition Algorithms,” in Face Processing, Advanced Modeling and Methods, W. Zhao and R. Chellappa (eds), Elsevier, 2005.
• B. Draper, K. Baek and J. Boody. "Implementing the Expert Object Recognition Pathway," Machine Vision and Applications, 16(1):27-32, 2004.
• G. Givens, R. Beveridge, B. Draper and D. Bolme. “Using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to Study the Configuration Space of a PCA+LDA Human Face Recognition Algorithm,” Third International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Sept. 22-24, 2004. p. 1-11.
• G. Givens, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, P.Grother and J. Phillips. "How Features of the Human Face Affect Recognition: A Statistical Comparison of Three Face Recognition Algorithms,” IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington, D.C., June 27-July2, 2004. p. 381-388 (Vol. 2).
• B. Draper, K. Baek, M.S. Bartlett and R. Beveridge. “Recognizing Faces with PCA and ICA”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 91:115-137, 2003.
• W. Böhm, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, C. Ross, M. Chawathe. "SA-C: Single Assignment C for FPGA Programming", Dr. Dobb's Journal, May, 2003, p. 60-64.
• B. Draper, R. Beveridge, W. Böhm, C. Ross and M. Chawathe. “Accelerated Image Processing on FPGA’s”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 12(12):1543-1551, 2003.
• W. Najjar, W. Böhm, B. Draper, J. Hammes, R. Rinker, R. Beveridge, M. Chawathe, and C. Ross. “From Algorithms to Hardware – A High-Level Language Abstraction for Reconfigurable Computing,” IEEE Computer, 36(8):63-69, 2003
• B. Draper, C. Kaito and J. Bins. "Iterative Relief", Workshop on Learning in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, WI, June 22, 2003.
• G. Givens, R. Beveridge, B. Draper and D. Bolme. "A Statistical Assessment of Subject Factors in the PCA Recognition of Human Faces", Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, Madison, WI, June 2003.
• B. Draper, K. Baek and J. Boody. “Implementing the Expert Object Recognition Pathway,” International Conference on Vision Systems, Graz, Austria, April 1-3, 2003. p. 1-11.
• D. Bolme, R. Beveridge, M. Teixeira and B. Draper. “The CSU Face Identification Evaluation System: Its Purpose, Features and Structure,” International Conference on Vision Systems, Graz, Austria, April 1-3, 2003. p. 304-313.
• B. Draper and A. Lionelle. “Evaluation of Selective Attention under Similarity Transforms,” Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, April 3, 2003. p. 31-38.
• B. Draper. "From Knowledge Bases to Markov Models to PCA" (invited talk), Workshop on Vision System Computer Architectures, Graz, Austria, April 2003.
• S. Buluswar and B. Draper. "Estimating Apparent Color in Outdoor Images", Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 85(2):71-99, 2002.
• W. Böhm, J. Hammes, B. Draper, M. Chawathe, C. Ross, R. Rinker, and W. Najjar. "Mapping a Single Assignment Programming Language to Reconfigurable Systems," Supercomputing, 21:117-130, 2002
• W. Yambor, B. Draper and R. Beveridge. “Analyzing PCA-based Face Recognition Algorithms: Eigenvector Selection and Distance Measures,” in Empirical Evaluation Methods in Computer Vision, H. Christensen and J. Phillips (eds.), World Scientific Press, Singapore, 2002.
• D. Bolme and B. Draper. "Interpreting LOC Cell Responses," IEEE International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, Tübingen, Germany, Nov. 22-24, 2002, pp. 294-300.
• B. Draper, R. Beveridge, W. Böhm, C. Ross and M. Chawathe. "Implementing Image Applications on FPGAs," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec City, Aug. 11-15, 2002.
• K. Baek and B. Draper. "Factor Analysis for Background Suppression," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec City, Aug. 11-15, 2002.
• B. Draper, K. Baek and J. Boody. "A Biologically Plausible Approach to Cat and Dog Discrimination," Joint AIPR International Workshops on Structural, Syntactic and Statistical Pattern Recognition, Windsor, Ont. Aug. 6-9, 2002. p.779-788.
• W. Böhm, R. Beveridge, B. Draper, C. Ross, M. Chawathe and W. Najjar. "Compiling ATR Probing Codes for Execution on FPGA Hardware," IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines, Napa Valley, CA, April 21-24, 2002.
• J. Bins and B. Draper. "Evaluating Feature Relevance: Reducing Bias is Relief," Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Durham, NC, March 8-14, 2002. pp 757-760.
• K. Baek, B. Draper, R. Beveridge, K. She. "PCA vs ICA: A comparison on the FERET data set," Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Durham, NC, March 8-14, 2002. pp. 824-837.
• B. Draper and R. Beveridge. "Teaching Image Computation: From Computer Graphics to Computer Vision," International Journal on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 15(5):823-831, 2001.
• R. Beveridge, K. She, B. Draper, G. Givens. "A Nonparametric Statistical Comparison of Principal Component and Linear Discriminant Subspaces for Face Recognition," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai, HI, Dec. 11-13, 2001. Pp. I:535-542.
• J. Hammes, W. Böhm, C. Ross, M. Chawathe, B. Draper, W. Najjar. "High Performance Image Processing on FPGAs", Los Alamos Computer Science Institute Symposium, Sante Fe, NM, Oct. 15-18, 2001.
• J. Bins and B. Draper. "Feature Selection from Huge Feature Sets", International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, July 9-12, 2001. Vol 2, p. 159-165.
• B. Draper, U. Ahlrichs and D. Paulus. "Adapting Object Recognition Across Domains: A Demonstration," International Conference on Vision Systems, Vancouver, July 7-8, 2001. p. 256-267.
• B. Draper, W. Bohm, J. Hammes, W. Najjar, R. Beveridge, C. Ross, M. Chawathe, M. Desai, J. Bins. "Compiling SA-C Programs to FPGAs: Performance Results," International Conference on Vision Systems, Vancouver, July 7-8, 2001. p. 220-235.
• W. Bohm, B. Draper, W. Najjar, J. Hammes, R. Rinker, M. Chawathe and C. Ross. "One-step Compilation of Image Processing Applications to FPGAs," IEEE Symposium on Field-programmable Custom Computing Machines, Rohnert Park, CA, April 30 - May 2, 2001.
• J. Hammes, W. Bohm, C. Ross, M. Chawathe, B. Draper, R. Rinker, and W. Najjar. "Loop Fusion and Temporal Common Subexpression Elimination in Window-based Loops," IPDPS 8th Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop, San Francisco, CA, April 27, 2001.
• R. Beveridge, K. She, B. Draper and G. Givens. "Parametric and Nonparametric Methods for the Statistical Evaluation of Human ID Algorithms", Workshop on Empirical Evaluation Methods in Computer Vision, 2001.
• B. Draper, J. Bins, K. Baek. "ADORE: Adaptive Object Recognition", Videre, 1(4):86-99, 2000.
• M. Marengoni, B. Draper, A. Hanson, and R. Sitaraman. ``Placing Observers to Cover a Polyhedral Terrain in Polynomial Time", Vision and Image Computing, 18(10):773-780, 2000.
• M. Stevens, B. Draper & R. Beveridge. "Pose from Color," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Barcelona, Sept. 3-8, 2000. pp. 236-244.
• B. Draper, W. Najjar, W. Bohm, J. Hammes, B. Rinker, C. Ross, M. Chawathe and J. Bins. "Compiling and Optimizing Image Processing Algorihtms for FPGA's", IEEE Workshop on Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, pp. 222-231, Sept. 2000.
• R. Rinker, J. Hammes, W. Najjar, W. Böhm & B. Draper. "Compiling Image Processing Applications to Reconfigurable Hardware," IEEE International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures, and Processors, Boston, July 10-12, 2000. pp. 56-65.
• W. Yambor, B. Draper & R. Beveridge. "Analysis of PCA-based Face Recognition Algorithms: Eigenvector Selection and Distance Measures," Second Workshop on Empirical Evaluation Methods in Computer Vision, Dublin, July 1, 2000.
• C. Anderson, B. Draper & D. Peterson, "Behavioral Cloning of Student Pilots with Modular Neural Networks", International Conference on Machine Learning, Stanford, CA, June 29-July 2, 2000. pp. 25-32.
• L. Forbes & B. Draper. "Inconsistencies in Edge Detector Evaluation," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hilton Head, S.C., June 13-15, 2000. Vol 2, pp. 398-404.
• B. Draper & K. Baek. "Unsupervised Learning of Biologically Plausible Object Recognition Strategies," IEEE International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, Seoul, May 15-17, 2000, pp. 238-247.
• J. Hammes, B. Rinker, W. Böhm, W. Najjar, B. Draper, R. Beveridge. "Cameron: High Level Language Compilation for Reconfigurable Systems," Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques, Newport Beach, CA, Oct. 12-16, 1999.
• B. Draper, J. Bins and K. Baek. "ADORE: Adaptive Object Recognition", International Conference on Vision Systems, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, Jan 13-15, 1999, pp. 522-537.
• J. Hammes, B. Draper and W. Böhm. "Sassy: A Language and Optimizing Compiler for Image Processing on Reconfigurable Computing Systems", International Conference on Vision Systems, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, Jan 13-15, 1999, pp. 83-97.
• J. Bins, B. Draper, W. Bohm and W. Najjar. "Precision vs. Error in JPEG Compression", Parallel and Distributed Methods in Image Processing III, SPIE Volume 3817, Denver, 1999.
• S.D. Buluswar and B.A. Draper. "Color Machine Vision for Autonomous Vehicles", International Journal for Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 11:245-256, 1998.
• B. Draper and K. Baek. "Bagging in Computer Vision", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Santa Barbara CA, June 23-25, 1998, pp. 144-149.
• S. Buluswar and B. Draper. "Color Recognition in Outdoor Images", International Conference on Computer Vision, Bombay, Jan. 4-7, 1998, pp. 171-177.
• R. Beveridge, B. Draper, M. Stevens, A. Hanson and K. Siejko. "A Coregistration Approach to Multisensor Target Recognition with Extensions to Exploit Digital Elevation Map Data," in Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition for the Unmanned Ground Vehicle, Oscar Firschein (ed.). Morgan Kaufmann, 1997, pp. 231-265.
• B. Draper. "Learning Control Strategies for Object Recognition," in Symbolic Visual Learning, K. Ikeuchi and M. Veloso (eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997, pp. 49-76.
• S. Buluswar and B. Draper. "Learning Object Color: ATR in Color Images," 8th British Machine Vision Conference, Colchester, U.K., Sept. 8-11, 1997.
• M. Das, E. Riseman, and B. Draper. "FOCUS: Searching for Multi-colored Objects in a Diverse Database", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, P.R., June 17-19, 1997, pp. 756-761.
• B. Draper and R. Beveridge. "Image Understanding Research at Colorado State University", ARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 1997.
• B. Draper, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Knowledge-Directed Vision: Control, Learning and Integration," Proceedings of the IEEE, 84(11):1625-1637, 1996.
• M. Marengoni, B. Draper, A. Hanson, and R. Sitaraman. "Placing Observers to Cover a Polyhedral Terrain in Polynomial Time", IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, Sarasota, FL, Dec. 2-4, 1996.
• B. Draper. "Object Recognition as a Markov Decision Process," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vienna, Austria, Aug. 25-29, 1996, Vol. IV, pp. 95-99.
• G. Kutlu, B. Draper, E. Moss and E. Riseman. "Support Tools for Visual Information Management," Fifth Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval, Las Vegas, NV, April 15-17, 1996.
• B. Draper. "Learning Grouping Strategies for 2D and 3D Object Recognition", ARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 1996.
• S. Raveal, B. Draper, J. Lim and R. Weiss. "Tracking Object Motion Across Aspect Changes for Augmented Reality", ARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 1996.
• S. Ravela, B. Draper, J. Lim and R. Weiss. "Adaptive Tracking and Model Registration across Distinct Aspects," International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. 1995 Vol 1, pp. 174-180.
• B. Draper, C. Brodley and P. Utgoff. "Goal-directed Classification Using Linear Machine Decision Trees," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 16(9):888-89, 1994.
• B. Draper, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Integrating Visual Procedures for Mobile Perception," in Experimental Environments for Computer Vision and Image Processing, H.I. Christenson and J.L. Crowley (eds.), World Scientific Press, 1994. pp. 183-193.
• S. Badal, S. Ravela, B. Draper and A. Hanson. "A Practical Obstacle Detection and Avoidance System," 2nd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, Dec. 5-7, 1994. p. 97-104.
• B. Draper, G. Kutlu, E. Riseman and A. Hanson. "ISR3: Communication and Data Storage for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Jerusalem, Oct. 1994. Vol I, pp. 836-838.
• B. Rochwerger, C. Fennema, B. Draper, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "An Architecture for Reactive Behavior," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Jerusalem, Oct. 1994. Vol IV, pp. 304-309.
• B. Rochwerger, C. Fennema, B. Draper, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Executing Reactive Behavior for Autonomous Navigation," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seattle, WA, June 1994, pp. 838-841.
• S. Buluswar and B. Draper. "Non-parametric Classification of Pixels Under Varying Outdoor Illumination", ARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 1994.
• S. Ravela, R. Weiss, B. Draper, B. Pinette, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Stealth Navigation: Planning and Behaviors", ARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 1994.
• E. Riseman, A. Hanson, R. Collins, B. Draper and R. Weiss. "Progress in Computer Vision at the University of Massachusetts", ARPA Image Understanding Workshop, 1994.
• B. Draper and R. Beveridge. "Response to `Performance Characterization in Computer Vision,'" Image Understanding, 60(3):262-263, 1993.
• B. Draper, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Learning Blackboard-based Scheduling Algorithms for Computer Vision," International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 7(2):309-328, 1993.
• B. Draper and A. Hanson. "An Example of Learning in Knowledge-directed Vision," Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Aalborg, DK., August 1991. pp. 189-201.
• B. Draper and E. Riseman. "Learning 3D Recognition Strategies", Third International Conference on Computer Vision, Osaka, Japan, Dec. 1990. pp. 320-324.
• B. Draper, R. Collins, J. Brolio, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "The Schema System", International Journal of Computer Vision, 2:209-250, 1989.
• J. Brolio, B. Draper, R. Beveridge and A. Hanson. "ISR: A Database for Symbolic Processing in Computer Vision", IEEE Computer, 22(12):22-30, 1989.
• B. Draper, R. Collins, J. Brolio, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Issues in the Development of a Blackboard-based Schema System for Image Understanding," in Blackboard Systems, R. Englemore and T. Morgan (eds.), Addison-Wesley, London, 1988. pp. 189-218.
• B. Draper, J. Brolio, R. Collins, A. Hanson and E. Riseman. "Image Interpretation by Distributed Cooperative Processes", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Ann Arbor, MI, June 1988, pp. 129-135.