India

1947		1997
INDIA: Quantitative Freedom, Democracy, Progress
How Does India Rank Perspective India: Indicators India vs Peers & Neighbors India's Exports as % of world's exports Populations in the Subcontinent States: Religions Ranking of the states States: Literacy & Population by Religion, 1991 Religion: Minorities in South Asia Governments Defense and Crime Dreamers and Builders

malaiya@cs.colostate.edu

How Does India Rank
Economic freedom ranking
Corruption perception index
Countries with the lowest per capita GNP
Basic indicators: Comparative table
Economic indicators
Health: Comparative table
Education: Comparative table
Literacy in Asia The rate of progress
HIV prevalence rates
Women in parliament
The Information Imperative Index
World Competitiveness
Riskiest places in Asia

Indicators
India: Key Economic Indicators
Trade: India
Economy 1, 2,
GOI: Economic Survey
Key Indicators: Statistical Tables
India Data Bank
Statistical Data of developing member countries Asian Development Bank
Infrastructure: 1960-1990
Lessons From East Asian Economies
Other curriencies in Rupees with change
In India Everyone Grows, Some Faster, Hindustan Times
Recent Fertility Declines in China and India
Asia-Pacific Population Journal
Environmental trends and outlook for India
Economic Survey, 97-98 Ministry Of Finance
India 2047big picture
State of the Nationafter 50 years
India turning 50 articles
Timelines: 1757-1947, 1857-1947, Since 1947
India's next 50 years from The Economist
Growth Rates and Time to Double
The Economic Survey of India, 1997
Comparision with the world
India: Trade
The Indian Reforms Process
International Economic Development
SELECTED INDICATORS 1950-51 TO 1994-95
"India: laughing stock of the world"?
India's historical statistics
Research Information and Statistics

Perspective
India General Data, Population of States, Major cities
The World: historical review of world population
Historical Estimates of World Population
Is Population Really the Problem?
Population control in India
Birth and Death Rates in India since 1891
Fertility Declines in South-central Asia
World problems and proposed solutions
25 ideas for building a much stronger India
10 things that must be done to improve Indian living
Association for India's Developement
Miles to go before we WAKE!
Biodiversity Profile of India
Why do Indians hate success?, Misunderstanding Bribery
City of Boiled Beans

India vs Peers & Neighbors
Life expectancy
Year Pakistan Bangladesh India China Taiwan Brazil Kenya USA 1970 48.00 48.20 48.72 ----- ----- 57.54 53.93 70.80 1980 51.98 51.01 52.47 ----- ----- 61.32 57.37 73.70 1990 56.23 53.43 57.20 67.30 74.31 64.13 61.00 75.40 2000 59.67 57.48 61.51 71.08 77.27 60.87 51.07 76.31 2010 62.49 61.42 65.71 74.22 79.70 65.11 43.19 77.37

Literacy
Year Pakistan Bangladesh India China Taiwan Brazil Kenya USA 1960 14.41 ---- 28.30 ---- 56.94 53.16 ---- 92.96 1970 21.71 27.71 34.45 ---- 80.61 60.91 ---- 95.58 1980 30.84 23.76 43.54 68.13 86.29 68.05 ---- 97.12 1990 34.80 35.30 52.21 77.82 ---- 81.10 69.42 ----

India's Exports as % of world's exports
Year Exports % PM in past 5 years
1955 1.38 J.L.Nehru
1960 1.05 J.L.Nehru
1965 0.91 J.L.Nehru, LB Shastri
1970 0.65 I. Gandhi
1975 ---- I. Gandhi
1980 0.43 I. Gandhi, M. Desai, C, Singh
1985 0.47 I. Gandhi/R. Gandhi
1990 0.53 R. Gandhi/V.P. Singh/C. Shekhar
1993 0.59 P.V.N. Rao

Indicator Pakistan Bangladesh India China Brazil Kenya USA
Population Density
(pop. per square km.) 176 836 285 127 19 49 28
Population Growth rate
(%/year, 1990/1995) 2.83 2.16 1.91 1.11 1.72 3.59 1.04
Females/100 males
1995 93.3 93.9 93.6 94.3 100.5 99.7 104.8
GDP Per capita
US$ 434 234 309 440 3786 254 25514
Motor Vehicles
(per 1,000 people, 1994) 9.62 0.92 3.69 - 63.50 12.59 749.98
Education Expenditure
(% of GDP, 1993) 2.3 1.9 3.7 1.7 - 6.3 4.8
Energy Consumption
1,000 Mt coal equiv, 1994) 332 88 374 920 850 120 11395
Daily Newspaper Circulation
(per 1,000 people, 1992) 6 6 31 43 55 14 236

Populations in the Subcontinent
Undivided India (in 000s)
Year Population
1871 203,415
1881 250,155
1891 279,599
1901 283,872
1911 303,013
1921 305,693
1931 338,119
1941 388,998
1941 314,805 (India's share)

The Subcontinent:1997 and 2005
India Demographic Indicators: 1997 and 2005 1997 2005 Births per 1,000 population.................... 25 21 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 9 8 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 1.6 1.3 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 1.6 1.3 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 60.2 63.7 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 69 55 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 3.1 2.6 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate 1950 369,880 1996 952,108 1950-1960 1.9 1960 445,857 1997 967,613 1960-1970 2.2 1970 555,043 1998 982,930 1970-1980 2.2 1980 692,394 1999 998,032 1980-1990 2.1 1990 855,591 2000 1,012,909 1990-2000 1.7 1991 872,324 2010 1,155,830 2000-2010 1.3 1992 888,563 2020 1,289,473 2010-2020 1.1 1993 904,685 2030 1,403,208 2020-2030 0.8 1994 920,662 2040 1,494,863 2030-2040 0.6 1995 936,462 2050 1,564,237 2040-2050 0.5 Midyear Population, by Age and Sex: 1997 and 2005 (Population in thousands) ------------1997----------- ------------2005----------- AGE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL 967,613 499,807 467,805 1,085,455 558,881 526,575 00-04 112,674 57,730 54,944 108,960 55,767 53,193 05-09 110,685 56,777 53,908 108,075 55,335 52,740 10-14 105,388 54,187 51,201 108,776 55,755 53,021 15-19 95,248 49,400 45,848 108,339 55,630 52,708 20-24 90,456 47,394 43,062 100,740 52,004 48,736 25-29 85,676 44,864 40,812 90,827 47,432 43,395 30-34 75,088 39,343 35,744 86,704 45,579 41,125 35-39 64,964 34,080 30,884 81,008 42,348 38,660 40-44 53,784 28,215 25,569 68,431 35,848 32,583 45-49 43,758 22,745 21,013 58,389 30,459 27,930 50-54 36,073 18,404 17,670 46,600 24,150 22,451 55-59 29,915 15,007 14,908 36,884 18,742 18,143 60-64 23,841 11,883 11,958 29,080 14,391 14,689 65-69 17,643 8,659 8,983 22,131 10,718 11,413 70-74 11,492 5,627 5,865 15,218 7,285 7,933 75-79 6,564 3,199 3,366 9,003 4,264 4,739 80+ 4,365 2,295 2,070 6,292 3,174 3,118
Pakistan Demographic Indicators: 1997 and 2005 1997 2005 Births per 1,000 population.................... 35 29 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 11 9 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 2.4 2.0 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 2.2 1.9 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 58.8 61.1 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 95 83 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 5.1 3.8 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate 1950 39,448 1996 129,276 1950-1960 2.4 1960 50,387 1997 132,185 1960-1970 2.7 1970 65,706 1998 135,135 1970-1980 2.6 1980 85,219 1999 138,123 1980-1990 2.9 1990 113,914 2000 141,145 1990-2000 2.1 1991 116,910 2010 170,750 2000-2010 1.9 1992 118,852 2020 198,722 2010-2020 1.5 1993 120,853 2030 223,670 2020-2030 1.2 1994 123,668 2040 244,336 2030-2040 0.9 1995 126,404 2050 260,245 2040-2050 0.6
Bangladesh Demographic Indicators: 1997 and 2005 1997 2005 Births per 1,000 population.................... 30 24 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 11 9 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 1.9 1.5 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 1.8 1.5 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 56.3 59.5 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 100 82 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 3.4 2.7 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate 1950 45,646 1996 123,063 1950-1960 1.8 1960 54,622 1997 125,340 1960-1970 2.1 1970 67,403 1998 127,609 1970-1980 2.7 1980 88,077 1999 129,860 1980-1990 2.2 1990 110,118 2000 132,081 1990-2000 1.8 1991 112,186 2010 153,195 2000-2010 1.5 1992 114,256 2020 172,041 2010-2020 1.2 1993 116,386 2030 188,318 2020-2030 0.9 1994 118,552 2040 201,276 2030-2040 0.7 1995 120,788 2050 210,624 2040-2050 0.5

World's Largest Religions

States: Religions
State Year Total Hindu Muslm Chrsn Others Andhra Pradesh 1961 35.98 88.4 7.5 3.9 (N) 1991 66.50 89.1 8.9 1.8 (N) Arunachal Pradesh 1961 0.33 (N) (N) (N) (N) 1991 0.86 37.0 1.3 10.2 36.2 Assam 1961 10.83 71.3 25.3 2.4 0.5 1991 22.41 67.1 28.4 3.3 0.6 Bihar 1961 46.45 84.6 12.4 1.0 1.6 1991 86.37 82.4 14.8 0.98 1.6 Goa 1961 0.58 59.9 1.9 38.0 0.0 1991 1.16 64.6 5.2 29.8 0.0 Gujarat 1961 20.63 88.9 8.1 0.4 0.0 1991 41.30 89.4 8.7 0.4 0.0 Haryana 1961 7.59 88.9 3.8 0.1 (N) 1991 16.46 89.2 4.6 0.1 (N) Himachal Pradesh 1961 2.81 95.9 1.3 0.1 (N) 1991 5.17 95.9 1.7 0.0 (N) Jammu & Kashmir 1961 3.56 28.4 68.3 0.0 (N) 1991 -- -- -- -- - Karnataka 1961 23.58 87.2 9.8 2.0 (N) 1991 44.97 85.4 11.6 1.9 (N) Kerala 1961 16.90 60.8 17.9 21.2 (N) 1991 29.09 57.2 23.3 19.3 (N) Madhya Pradesh 1961 32.37 93.9 1.0 0.5 (N) 1991 66.18 92.8 4.9 0.6 (N) Maharashtra 1961 39.55 82.2 7.6 1.4 0.2 1991 78.93 81.1 9.6 1.1 1.1 Manipur 1961 0.78 61.6 6.2 19.4 - 1991 1.83 57.6 7.2 34.1 0.7 Meghalaya 1961 0.76 18.2 2.9 35.2 42.9 1991 1.77 14.6 3.4 64.5 16.8 Mizoram 1961 0.26 5.1 0.0 86.6 0.9 1991 0.68 5.0 0.6 85.7 0.2 Nagaland 1961 0.36 9.3 0.2 52.9 37.2 1991 1.20 10.1 1.7 87.4 0.4 Orissa 1961 17.54 97.5 1.2 1.1 0.0 1991 31.65 94.6 1.8 2.1 1.2 Punjab 1961 11.13 42.2 0.8 1.2 (N) 1991 20.28 34.4 1.1 1.1 0.0 Rajasthan 1961 20.15 89.9 6.5 0.1 0.0 1991 44.00 89.0 8.0 0.1 (N) Sikkim 1961 0.16 66.6 0.7 1.7 - 1991 0.40 68.3 0.9 3.3 0.0 Tamil Nadu 1961 33.68 89.9 4.6 5.2 0.1 1991 55.85 88.6 5.4 5.6 0.0 Tripura 1961 1.14 76.0 20.1 0.8 (N) 1991 2.75 86.5 7.1 1.6 (N) Uttar Pradesh 1961 73.74 81.6 14.6 0.1 (N) 1991 139.11 81.7 17.3 0.1 0.0 West Bengal 1961 34.92 78.8 20.0 0.5 0.1 1991 68.07 74.7 23.6 0.5 0.6 Andaman & Nicobar 1961 0.63 51.5 11.6 28.2 5.4 Islands 1991 0.28 67.5 7.6 23.9 0.0 Chandigarh 1961 0.11 73.5 1.2 0.7 - 1991 0.64 75.8 2.7 0.7 0.0 1991 0.64 75.8 2.7 0.7 0.0 Dadra & Nagar 1961 0.05 97.6 0.7 1.3 0.0 Haveli 1991 0.13 95.4 2.4 1.5 0.0 Daman & Diu 1961 0.03 84.1 8.4 7.0 0.3 1991 0.10 87.7 8.9 2.8 0.1 Delhi 1961 2.65 81.0 5.8 1.1 0.0 1991 9.42 83.6 9.4 0.8 0.0 Lakshadweep 1961 0.02 1.0 98.6 0.2 - 1991 0.05 4.5 94.3 1.1 (N) Pondicherry 1961 0.36 84.3 6.3 9.2 0.0 1991 0.80 86.1 6.5 7.2 (N) Map: distribution of religions

Ranking of the States
Per Capita DP, Literacy, Per capita bank deposits.
Literacy Rates since 1961
Statistical Profiles of States

States: Literacy & Population by Religion, 1991
State Pop: Literates%: Hindus: Muslim: Christians: Buddhist: Jains: Sikhs: Others:
Andhra Pr 66,508,008 44.09 59,281,950 5,923,954 1,216,384 22,153 26,564 21,910 2,564
Arunachal 864,558 41.59 320,212 11,922 89,013 111,372 64 1,205 313,118
Assam 22,414,322 52.89 15,047,293 6,373,204 744,367 64,008 20,645 16,492 138,230
Bihar 86,374,465 38.48 71,193,417 12,787,985 843,717 3,518 23,049 78,212 1,443,258
Goa 1,169,793 75.51 756,621 61,455 349,225 240 487 1,087 403
Gujarat 41,309,582 61.29 6,964,228 3,606,920 181,753 11,615 491,331 33,044 4,213
Haryana 16,463,648 55.85 14,686,512 763,775 15,699 2,058 35,296 956,836 156
Himachal P 5,170,877 63.86 4,958,560 89,134 4,435 64,081 1,206 52,050 211
JammuKashmir 7,718,700*
Karnataka 44,977,201 56.04 38,432,027 5,234,023 859,478 73,012 326,114 10,101 6,325
Kerala 9,098,518 89.81 16,668,587 6,788,364 5,621,510 223 3,641 2,224 3,275
Madhya Pr 66,181,170 44.2 61,412,898 3,282,800 426,598 216,667 490,324 161,111 62,457
Maharashtra 78,937,187 64.87 64,033,213 7,628,755 885,030 5,040,785 965,840 ?161,184 99,768
Manipur 1,837,149 59.89 1,059,470 133,535 626,669 711 1,337 1,301 4,066
Meghalaya 1,774,778 49.1 260,306 61,462 1,146,092 2,934 445 2,612 298,466
Mizoram 689,756 82.27 34,788 4,538 591,342 54,024 4 299 1,859
Nagaland 1,209,546 61.65 122,473 20,642 1,057,940 581 1,202 732 5,870
Orissa 31,659,736 49.09 29,917,257 577,775 666,220 9,153 6,302 17,296 397,798
Punjab 20,281,969 58.51 6,989,226 239,401 225,163 24,930 20,763 12,767,697 883
Rajasthan 44,005,990 38.55 39,201,099 3,525,339 47,989 4,467 562,806 649,174 1,191
Sikkim 406,457 56.94 277,881 3,849 13,413 110,371 40 375 374
TamilNadu 55,858,946 62.66 49,532,052 3,052,717 3,179,410 2,128 66,900 5,449 2,620
Tripura 2,757,205 60.44 2,384,934 196,495 46,472 128,260 301 740 2
Uttar Pr 139,112,287 41.6 113,712,829 24,109,684 199,575 221,433 176,259 675,775 8,392
West Bengal 68,077,965 57.7 50,866,624 16,075,836 383,477 203,578 34,355 55,392 452,403
Andaman-Nicobar 241,453 63.08
Chandigarh 642,015
Dadra-NagarHaveli 138,477
Daman & Diu 101,586
Delhi 9,420,614
Lakshadweep 51,707
Pondicherry 807,785

Religion: Minorities in South Asia
India
India 1961 1971 1981 1991* Total 438,936,918 548,159,652 665,287,849 846,302,688 Hindus 366,526,866 453,436,630 549,779,481 687,646,721 Muslims 46,940,799 61,418,269 75,512,439 101,596,057 Christians 10,728,086 14,225,045 16,165,447 19,640,284 Sikhs 7,845,915 10,378,891 13,078,146 16,259,744 Buddhists 3,256,036 3,874,942 4,719,796 6,387,500 Jains 2,027,281 2,604,837 3,206,038 3,352,706 Others 1,611,935 2,184,955 2,766,285 Not stated - 36,083 60,217 The data for J&K for 1991 is extrapolated. Parsis: 1971:91,266, 1991: 71,000.
Pakistan 1951 1961 1972 1981 Total, all religious groups 31,060,789 39,442,439 62,461,883 84,253,644 Muslim 30,090,312 38,228,214 60,434,659 81,450,057 Caste Hindu 160,664 203,794 296,837 1,276,116 Scheduled Cas 369,831 418,011 603,369 - Christian and 439,982* 583,884 907,861 1,310,426 Budhist - 2,445 4,318 2,639 Parsi - 5,141 9,589 7,007 Sikh - - - 2,146 Other - 950 205,250 101,009 Ahmadi - - - 104,244
Bangladesh 1951 1961 1974 1981 1991 Total, all religious groups 41,900,000 50,840,000 71,477,748 87,119,965 106,315,000 Islam 32,227,000 40,890,000 61,038,929 75,486,980 93,881,000 Hinduism 9,239,000 9,380,000 4,926,448 10,570,245 11,179,000 Scheduled Cas 4,746,600 ------- Buddhism 319,000 374,000 438,917 538,331 623,000 Christianity 107,000 149,000 215,919 274,481 346,000 Others 110,935 249,928 --

Languages, 1991

Languages Spoken (Excluding J & K) :

Number Percentage

Hindi 337,272,114 40.22%

Bengali 69,595,738 8.30%

Telugu 66,017,615 7.87%

Marathi 62,481,681 7.45%

Tamil 53,006,368 6.32%

Urdu 43,406,932 5.18%

Gujarati 40,673,814 4.85%

Kannada 32,753,676 3.91%

Malayalam 30,377,176 3.62%

Oriya 28,061,313 3.35%

Punjabi 23,378,744 2.79%

Assamese 13,079,696 1.56%

Sindhi 2,122,848 0.25%

Nepali 2,076,645 0.25%

Konkani 1,760,607 0.21%

Manipuri 1,270,216 0.15%

Kashmiri 56,693 0.01%

Sanskrit 49,736 0.01%

Other Languages 31,142,376 3.71%

Total : 838,583,988 100.00%

Data Source : 1991 Census of India

Emigration data
Country Canada 16,655 (1994) New-zealand 242 (1970-71)

Governments
India
The Moghul dynasty ruled during 1526-1857, the Marathas were dominant during 1647-1818. The rule of East Indian Company was replaced by the formal British rule in 1874. The Republic was proclaimed in 1950. The British monarch was the head of the State till then, represented by a Governor-General. Prime ministers Jawaharlal Nehru 1946-64 (b. 1889 - d. 1964) Congress P. Gulzarilal Nanda 1964 (acting) Lal Bahadur Shastri 1964-66 (b. 1904 - d. 1966) Congress P. Gulzarilal Nanda 1966 (acting) Indira Gandhi (1st time) 1966-77 (b. 1917 - d. 1984) Congress P. Morarji Desai 1977-79 (b. 1896 - d. 1995) Janata Charan Singh 1979-80 (b. 1902 - d. 1987) Lok Dal Indira Gandhi (2nd time) 1980-84 (s.a.) CP(i) Rajiv Gandhi 1984-89 (b. 1944 - d. 1991) CP(i) Vishwanath Pratap Singh 1989-90 (b. 1931) Janata Dal Chandra Shekhar 1990-91 (b. 1927) Janata Dal(s) P.V. Narasimha Rao 1991-96 (b. 1921) CP(i) Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1996 (b. 1924) Bharatiya Janata H.D. Deve Gowda 1996-97 (b. 1933) Janata Dal Inder Kumar Gujral 1997- (b. 1919) Janata Dal

India - Constitution
Lok Sabha Election1952 TO 1991
Elections in India
The Indian Parliament
The Lok Sabha Tenth, Eleventh (July 12, 1996-).
Election results

April/May 1996

Statewise position of the two leading parties in the 10th Lok Sabha
Turnout of Electorate / Polling Pattern 1994 - 1996
Presidential Election Results
State Governments

Pakistan & Bangladesh
Presidents/Prime Ministers of Pakistan
The 1971 India-Pakistan War
Presidents/Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
Leaders of China
Elections in Pakistan
Elections in Bangladesh

Defense and Crime
Bharat-Rakshak: Indian Military Website
Security & Political Risk Analysis India think tank
Crime in India

Dreamers and Builders
Deng Xiao-Ping
Subhas Chandra Bose
Jawaharlal Nehru, evaluation
Kang Youwei, The Forms of Suffering
Sun Yat-sen
C.Rajagopalachari
Lee Kuan Yew
India, China and overseas community
They Faught for our Freedom
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Benito Mussolini
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Thomas Jefferson
Wise men of Saga
Movies Aug 14-15 1947 Tatas, Birlas:1, 2, Ambanis, Others.

Information Search
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Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free;
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls;
Where words come out from the depth of truth;
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit;
Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action--
Into that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake.

Ravindranath Tagore
Gitanjali Verse 35

Bharat Bhakti stotra

Additions, corrections and updates: malaiya@cs.colostate.edu

India

How Does India Rank
Economic freedom ranking Corruption perception index Countries with the lowest per capita GNP Basic indicators: Comparative table Economic indicators Health: Comparative table Education: Comparative table	Literacy in Asia The rate of progress HIV prevalence rates Women in parliament The Information Imperative Index World Competitiveness Riskiest places in Asia

Perspective
India General Data, Population of States, Major cities The World: historical review of world population Historical Estimates of World Population Is Population Really the Problem? Population control in India Birth and Death Rates in India since 1891	Fertility Declines in South-central Asia World problems and proposed solutions 25 ideas for building a much stronger India 10 things that must be done to improve Indian living Association for India's Developement Miles to go before we WAKE! Biodiversity Profile of India Why do Indians hate success?, Misunderstanding Bribery City of Boiled Beans

India's Exports as % of world's exports
	Year	Exports %	PM in past 5 years
	1955	1.38	J.L.Nehru
	1960	1.05	J.L.Nehru
	1965	0.91	J.L.Nehru, LB Shastri
	1970	0.65	I. Gandhi
	1975	----	I. Gandhi
	1980	0.43	I. Gandhi, M. Desai, C, Singh
	1985	0.47	I. Gandhi/R. Gandhi
	1990	0.53	R. Gandhi/V.P. Singh/C. Shekhar
	1993	0.59	P.V.N. Rao

Indicator	Pakistan	Bangladesh	India	China	Brazil	Kenya	USA
Population Density (pop. per square km.)	176	836	285	127	19	49	28
Population Growth rate (%/year, 1990/1995)	2.83	2.16	1.91	1.11	1.72	3.59	1.04
Females/100 males 1995	93.3	93.9	93.6	94.3	100.5	99.7	104.8
GDP Per capita US$	434	234	309	440	3786	254	25514
Motor Vehicles (per 1,000 people, 1994)	9.62	0.92	3.69	-	63.50	12.59	749.98
Education Expenditure (% of GDP, 1993)	2.3	1.9	3.7	1.7	-	6.3	4.8
Energy Consumption 1,000 Mt coal equiv, 1994)	332	88	374	920	850	120	11395
Daily Newspaper Circulation (per 1,000 people, 1992)	6	6	31	43	55	14	236

Populations in the Subcontinent
Undivided India (in 000s)
Year	Population
1871	203,415
1881	250,155
1891	279,599
1901	283,872
1911	303,013
1921	305,693
1931	338,119
1941	388,998
1941	314,805 (India's share)

The Subcontinent:1997 and 2005
India Demographic Indicators: 1997 and 2005 1997 2005 Births per 1,000 population.................... 25 21 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 9 8 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 1.6 1.3 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 1.6 1.3 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 60.2 63.7 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 69 55 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 3.1 2.6 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate 1950 369,880 1996 952,108 1950-1960 1.9 1960 445,857 1997 967,613 1960-1970 2.2 1970 555,043 1998 982,930 1970-1980 2.2 1980 692,394 1999 998,032 1980-1990 2.1 1990 855,591 2000 1,012,909 1990-2000 1.7 1991 872,324 2010 1,155,830 2000-2010 1.3 1992 888,563 2020 1,289,473 2010-2020 1.1 1993 904,685 2030 1,403,208 2020-2030 0.8 1994 920,662 2040 1,494,863 2030-2040 0.6 1995 936,462 2050 1,564,237 2040-2050 0.5 Midyear Population, by Age and Sex: 1997 and 2005 (Population in thousands) ------------1997----------- ------------2005----------- AGE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL 967,613 499,807 467,805 1,085,455 558,881 526,575 00-04 112,674 57,730 54,944 108,960 55,767 53,193 05-09 110,685 56,777 53,908 108,075 55,335 52,740 10-14 105,388 54,187 51,201 108,776 55,755 53,021 15-19 95,248 49,400 45,848 108,339 55,630 52,708 20-24 90,456 47,394 43,062 100,740 52,004 48,736 25-29 85,676 44,864 40,812 90,827 47,432 43,395 30-34 75,088 39,343 35,744 86,704 45,579 41,125 35-39 64,964 34,080 30,884 81,008 42,348 38,660 40-44 53,784 28,215 25,569 68,431 35,848 32,583 45-49 43,758 22,745 21,013 58,389 30,459 27,930 50-54 36,073 18,404 17,670 46,600 24,150 22,451 55-59 29,915 15,007 14,908 36,884 18,742 18,143 60-64 23,841 11,883 11,958 29,080 14,391 14,689 65-69 17,643 8,659 8,983 22,131 10,718 11,413 70-74 11,492 5,627 5,865 15,218 7,285 7,933 75-79 6,564 3,199 3,366 9,003 4,264 4,739 80+ 4,365 2,295 2,070 6,292 3,174 3,118
Pakistan Demographic Indicators: 1997 and 2005 1997 2005 Births per 1,000 population.................... 35 29 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 11 9 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 2.4 2.0 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 2.2 1.9 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 58.8 61.1 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 95 83 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 5.1 3.8 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate 1950 39,448 1996 129,276 1950-1960 2.4 1960 50,387 1997 132,185 1960-1970 2.7 1970 65,706 1998 135,135 1970-1980 2.6 1980 85,219 1999 138,123 1980-1990 2.9 1990 113,914 2000 141,145 1990-2000 2.1 1991 116,910 2010 170,750 2000-2010 1.9 1992 118,852 2020 198,722 2010-2020 1.5 1993 120,853 2030 223,670 2020-2030 1.2 1994 123,668 2040 244,336 2030-2040 0.9 1995 126,404 2050 260,245 2040-2050 0.6
Bangladesh Demographic Indicators: 1997 and 2005 1997 2005 Births per 1,000 population.................... 30 24 Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 11 9 Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 1.9 1.5 Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 1.8 1.5 Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 56.3 59.5 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 100 82 Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 3.4 2.7 Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates: 1950 to 2050 (Population in thousands, rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate 1950 45,646 1996 123,063 1950-1960 1.8 1960 54,622 1997 125,340 1960-1970 2.1 1970 67,403 1998 127,609 1970-1980 2.7 1980 88,077 1999 129,860 1980-1990 2.2 1990 110,118 2000 132,081 1990-2000 1.8 1991 112,186 2010 153,195 2000-2010 1.5 1992 114,256 2020 172,041 2010-2020 1.2 1993 116,386 2030 188,318 2020-2030 0.9 1994 118,552 2040 201,276 2030-2040 0.7 1995 120,788 2050 210,624 2040-2050 0.5

States: Literacy & Population by Religion, 1991
State	Pop:	Literates%:	Hindus:	Muslim:	Christians:	Buddhist:	Jains:	Sikhs:	Others:
Andhra Pr	66,508,008	44.09	59,281,950	5,923,954	1,216,384	22,153	26,564	21,910	2,564
Arunachal	864,558	41.59	320,212	11,922	89,013	111,372	64	1,205	313,118
Assam	22,414,322	52.89	15,047,293	6,373,204	744,367	64,008	20,645	16,492	138,230
Bihar	86,374,465	38.48	71,193,417	12,787,985	843,717	3,518	23,049	78,212	1,443,258
Goa	1,169,793	75.51	756,621	61,455	349,225	240	487	1,087	403
Gujarat	41,309,582	61.29	6,964,228	3,606,920	181,753	11,615	491,331	33,044	4,213
Haryana	16,463,648	55.85	14,686,512	763,775	15,699	2,058	35,296	956,836	156
Himachal P	5,170,877	63.86	4,958,560	89,134	4,435	64,081	1,206	52,050	211
JammuKashmir	7,718,700*
Karnataka	44,977,201	56.04	38,432,027	5,234,023	859,478	73,012	326,114	10,101	6,325
Kerala	9,098,518	89.81	16,668,587	6,788,364	5,621,510	223	3,641	2,224	3,275
Madhya Pr	66,181,170	44.2	61,412,898	3,282,800	426,598	216,667	490,324	161,111	62,457
Maharashtra	78,937,187	64.87	64,033,213	7,628,755	885,030	5,040,785	965,840	?161,184	99,768
Manipur	1,837,149	59.89	1,059,470	133,535	626,669	711	1,337	1,301	4,066
Meghalaya	1,774,778	49.1	260,306	61,462	1,146,092	2,934	445	2,612	298,466
Mizoram	689,756	82.27	34,788	4,538	591,342	54,024	4	299	1,859
Nagaland	1,209,546	61.65	122,473	20,642	1,057,940	581	1,202	732	5,870
Orissa	31,659,736	49.09	29,917,257	577,775	666,220	9,153	6,302	17,296	397,798
Punjab	20,281,969	58.51	6,989,226	239,401	225,163	24,930	20,763	12,767,697	883
Rajasthan	44,005,990	38.55	39,201,099	3,525,339	47,989	4,467	562,806	649,174	1,191
Sikkim	406,457	56.94	277,881	3,849	13,413	110,371	40	375	374
TamilNadu	55,858,946	62.66	49,532,052	3,052,717	3,179,410	2,128	66,900	5,449	2,620
Tripura	2,757,205	60.44	2,384,934	196,495	46,472	128,260	301	740	2
Uttar Pr	139,112,287	41.6	113,712,829	24,109,684	199,575	221,433	176,259	675,775	8,392
West Bengal	68,077,965	57.7	50,866,624	16,075,836	383,477	203,578	34,355	55,392	452,403
Andaman-Nicobar	241,453	63.08
Chandigarh	642,015
Dadra-NagarHaveli	138,477
Daman & Diu	101,586
Delhi	9,420,614
Lakshadweep	51,707
Pondicherry	807,785

Dreamers and Builders
Deng Xiao-Ping Subhas Chandra Bose Jawaharlal Nehru, evaluation Kang Youwei, The Forms of Suffering Sun Yat-sen C.Rajagopalachari Lee Kuan Yew India, China and overseas community		They Faught for our Freedom Giuseppe Garibaldi Benito Mussolini Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Thomas Jefferson Wise men of Saga Movies Aug 14-15 1947 Tatas, Birlas:1, 2, Ambanis, Others.