In the age of educational games and the Big Data they generate, we have more information than ever about what students are doing and how they are thinking. But the sheer volume of data available can overwhelm traditional qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative Ethnography is a set of research methods that combine ethnographic techniques with statistical tools—a way to go beyond looking for arbitrary patterns begin generating meaningful insights about learning at scale. This talk provides an overview of the science of Quantitative Ethnography and a preview of two key tools that researchers can use to assess complex thinking.