From Procedural Programming to Object-Oriented Programming

CS160 covered procedural programming and use of objects. In this recitation we make the transition to object oriented programming. In this lab we will go over some of the basics concepts:
Classes
Instance variables
Methods
Object state
The keyword "this", what it does
toString method

Demo

Use the following Java programs as an example of a Java class and client code that uses it: MimicOct.java and UnderTheSea.java.

All of you have been working with classes in Java. One of the most important things to know about classes is that they are actually blueprints for objects. They basically contain all of the information as to how objects are built.

One of the most important features about objects is the fact that they have state and behavior. The way that they hold state is through instance variables. Instance variables are simply variables that "describe" the object and its state. There are several ways to handle the accessibility of instance variable within an object, but in this lab we are going to work only with public instance variables. Public means that any class within the project that you're working in has permission to access and modify the instance variables. To access or modify an instance variable that is public, such as populationNumber, in an object called species, simply type species.populationNumber = someInteger.

Methods are the ways that objects perform their behavior. Our focus will be on non-static methods; these require an instance of the class in order to operate. Static methods are methods that don't need an instance of
an object to call it.

Assignment

Please download Species.java and CircleOfLife.java. Use CircleOfLife.Java for testing Species.java as you follow these steps:

Step 1

Create a Species constructor that takes in a String for its name, an int for its population, and a double for its growth rate. Don't let someone initialize a species with a population above 1500 or below 1, or a growth rate outside of the range of 1 to 20 percent. If the population is initialized below 1, set it to 1, and if above 1500, set it to 1500. Similarly for the growth rate.

Step 2

Return an appropriate String in the toString method that describes the state of a Species object.

Example String to return in the toString() method:

Name of species: cat
Population: 1200
Growth Rate: 12%

Once you have created a toString method, you can use it to display a Species object stored in a variable s as follows:

System.out.println(s);

which is a shortcut for

System.out.println(s.toString());

Step 3

Create two species objects of whatever animal that you wish (do this in CircleOfLife.java).

Step 4

Complete the code for mergeSpecies(Species other). This is a non-static method (as all of the rest of them are) that takes another species as a parameter. This method adds the populations of the two species, changes the name of the species to the concatenation of the two names, and the growth rate to the maximum of the two growth rates

Step 5

Complete the code for grow() and populationInXYears(int x) (hint: don't change the value of the population for the populationInXYears method -- simply return what the population will be in X years given the growth rate of that species.

EXAMPLE OUTPUT (if the species are rabbits and their growth rate is 10%, population is 100, and x is 2)
"The projected population for the rabbits in 2 years will be 121."

Grading

This lab is worth a total of 2 points broken down as:
Demo/Attendance: 1 point
Effort: 1 point