public class Expressions {

    private void literals(){
		// finite precision:
		System.out.print("LITERALS\nFinite precision:   (1.0 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1)"); 
		if((1.0 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1) == 0.5)
			System.out.println("  == 0.5");
		else 
			System.out.println("  != 0.5");
		System.out.println("Finite precision:   (1.0 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 == " +
				(1.0 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1) ); 		
		System.out.println();

		// float / doubles
		float f1 = 0.5F, f2 = 0.1e5F;
		double d1 = .1, d2 = 2d, d3 = 3.0D, d4 = 3;
		System.out.println("f1: 0.5F: " + f1 + ",  f2: 0.1e5F: " + f2);
		System.out.println("d1: .1: " + d1 + ",  d2: 2d: " + d2 + ",  d3: 3.0D: " + d3 + ",  d4: 3: " + d4);
		System.out.println();
    }
	
    private void formatting(){
		double dblTotal = 123456.789;
		System.out.println("FORMATTING");
		System.out.printf("1: dblTotal is: $%,.2f%n", dblTotal); // %, comma notation, %n new line
		System.out.printf("2: dblTotal is: $%,.2f", dblTotal); // no new line
		System.out.printf("3: dblTotal is: %.2f%n", dblTotal); // new line
		System.out.println();

    }
    
    private void unaBin(){
		// expressions: binary * / + -
		int i3 = 2 - 3 + 5, i4 = 2 - (3 + 5);
		int i5 = 4 / 2 * 5, i6 = 4 / 2 / 2, i7 = 4 / ( 2 / 2);
		System.out.println("EXPRESSIONS");
		System.out.println("i3: 2 - 3 + 5: " + i3 + ",  i4: 2 - (3 + 5): " + i4);
		System.out.println("i5: 4 / 2 * 5: " + i5 + ",  i6: 4 / 2 / 2:  " + i6 + ","
				+ "  i7: 4 / ( 2 / 2): " + i7);
		int i8 = 2*3+4, i9 = 2*(3+4), i10 = 2+3*4, i11 = (2+3)*4;
		System.out.println("i8: 2*3+4: " + i8 + ",  i9: 2*(3+4): " + i9);
		System.out.println("i10: 2+3*4: " + i10 + ",  i11: (2+3)*4: " + i11);
		int i12 = 2/3+4, i13 = 2/(3+4), i14 = 2/3/4; //, i15 = 2/(3/4);
		System.out.println("i12: 2/3+4: " + i12 + ",  i13: 2/(3+4): " + i13 
				+ ",  i14: 2/3/4: " + i14 ); // + "i15: 2/(3/4): " + i15);
		System.out.println();


		// expressions: unary and binary -
		int u1 = 2 - -1, u2 = 2 - -(2 - -0), u3 = u1 - -u2;
		System.out.println("u1: 1 - -1: " + u1 + ",  u2: 1 - -(2 - -0): " + u2 
				+ ",  u3: u1 - -u2:" + u3);
		System.out.println();        

    }
    
    private void divMod(){
		System.out.println("DIVMOD\ninteger modular  arithmetic, p = p/q * q + p%q");
		System.out.println("remainder is negative only if dividend is negative");
		//System.out.println(" 1 / 0: "+1/0+",  1 % 0: "+1%0);
		//System.out.println(" 1 % 0: "+1%0);
		System.out.println("integer division rounds towards 0 (truncates): 3/2 = 1,  -3/2 = -1");
		System.out.println(" 7 / 3: "+7/3+",  7 % 3: "+7%3);
		System.out.println("-7 / 3:"+ -7/3 +", -7 % 3: "+ -7%3);
		System.out.println(" 7 /-3:"+ 7 / -3+",  7 % -3: "+7 % -3);
		System.out.println("-7 /-3: "+ -7 / -3+", -7 % -3: "+-7 % -3);
		System.out.println();

		System.out.println("p = p/q * q + p%q   does not apply for float modular");
		System.out.println("7.5 / 3: " + 7.5 / 3 + ", 7.5 % 3: "+ 7.5 % 3);		
		System.out.println("-7.5 / 3: " + -7.5 / 3 + ", -7.5 % 3: "+ -7.5 % 3);		
		System.out.println();


		// quotient, remainder
		int seconds = 4000;
		int hours = seconds / 3600;
		int remainingSeconds = seconds % 3600;
		int minutes = remainingSeconds / 60;
		remainingSeconds = remainingSeconds % 60;
		System.out.println(seconds + " seconds = " + hours + " hour, " + minutes + " minutes and "
				+ remainingSeconds + " seconds = " + (hours*3600+minutes*60+remainingSeconds) + " seconds");
		System.out.println();
    }
    
    private void incrDecr(){
		// increment, decrement operators 
		int i = 10;
		System.out.println("INCRDECR\n10*i++ : "+ 10*i++);
		i--;
		System.out.println("10 * ++i : "+ 10* ++i);		
		System.out.println();
    }
    
    private void casting(){
		System.out.println("CASTING");
		//Watch it: there is no byte or short arithmetic in JVM
		byte b = 10;
		// b = b+b;  // compile time error: typeof b+b = int, operation done with int +
		b = (byte)(b+b);
		short s = 100;
		// s=s+s;  same, fix:
		s=(short)(s+s);       		

		// careful: int or float  /
		int k=5;
		double h = 1 + k / 2;
		System.out.println("double h = 1 + 5/2 = " + h);
		h = 1.0 + k/2;
		System.out.println("double h = 1.0 + 5/2 = " + h);
		h = 1.0 + k/2.0;
		System.out.println("double h = 1.0 + 5/2.0 = " + h);
		h = 1.0 + (double)k/2;
		System.out.println("double h = 1.0 + (double)5/2 = " + h);   
		System.out.println();		
		
		int trunc_i =(int)3.9;
		System.out.println("trunc_i = (int)3.9 = " + trunc_i); 
		System.out.println();
		
		//int div = 5.0/2; //what is wrong?

    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
		Expressions e = new  Expressions();		
        e.literals();
        //e.formatting();
        //e.unaBin();        
        //e.divMod();
        //e.incrDecr();
        //e.casting();		
	}
}