// This code demonstrates order of constructors and destuctors.
//
// The order of construction for class Foo is:
//
// • Foo’s base class is constructed
// • Foo’s member variables are constructed, in order of declaration
// • Foo’s ctor is called
//
// Foo’s member variables MUST be constructed before Foo’s constructor
// is called.  What other choice do we have?  AFTER Foo’s ctor?
// That would wipe out any values that we put into those variables.
//
// Destructors occur in reverse order of constructors:
//
// • Foo’s dtor is called
// • Foo’s member variables are destroyed, in reverse order of declaration
// • Foo’s base class is destroyed
//
// In a function, ctors are called in declaration order.
// Dtors are called in the opposite order.
//
// It also shows that initialization list order is checked by g++ -Wall.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Alpha {
  public:
     Alpha(int n) { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " n=" << n << '\n'; }
    ~Alpha() { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n'; }
};

class Beta {
    public:
      Beta(int n) { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " n=" << n << '\n'; }
      ~Beta() { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n'; }
};

class Gamma {
  public:
     Gamma(int n) { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " n=" << n << '\n'; }
     ~Gamma() { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n'; }
};

class Delta : public Gamma {
  public:
    Delta() : b(12), Gamma(14), a(13) {
	    clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n';
    };
    ~Delta() { clog << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n'; }
  private:
    Alpha a;
    Beta b;
};

int main() {
    Delta d;
}