Show Lecture.SyntaxErrors as a slide show.
CALM and FIND SYNTAX ERRORS
Interpreting compiler syntax errors can take a bit of practice.
My algorithm:
By default, without -Wfatal-errors
, g++ will provide
all manner of helpful suggestions:
vector<int> v; cout << v;
c.cc:2: error: no match for 'operator<<' in 'std::cout << v' (operand types are 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} and 'std::vector<int>') In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:108: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:108: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'std::basic_ostream<char>::__ostream_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char>::__ostream_type&)' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char>&)'} /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:117: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type = std::basic_ios<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:117: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'std::basic_ostream<char>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char>::__ios_type&)' {aka 'std::basic_ios<char>& (*)(std::basic_ios<char>&)'} /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:127: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:127: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:166: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:166: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'long int' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:170: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:170: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'long unsigned int' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:174: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(bool) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:174: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'bool' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:696, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:91: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:91: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'short int' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:181: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short unsigned int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:181: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'short unsigned int' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:696, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:105: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:105: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'int' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:192: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(unsigned int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:192: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'unsigned int' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:201: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:201: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'long long int' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:205: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:205: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'long long unsigned int' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:220: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(double) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:220: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'double' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:224: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(float) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:224: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'float' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:232: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long double) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:232: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'long double' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:245: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(const void*) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:245: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'const void*' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:696, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:119: note: candidate: 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type*) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type = std::basic_streambuf<char>]' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:119: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::vector<int>' to 'std::basic_ostream<char>::__streambuf_type*' {aka 'std::basic_streambuf<char>*'} In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/regex:62, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:110, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/regex.h:1523: note: candidate: 'template<class _Ch_type, class _Ch_traits, class _Bi_iter> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::__cxx11::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_Bi_iter>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/regex.h:1523: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::sub_match<_Bi_iter>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:45, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/cstddef:124: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntegerType> constexpr std::__byte_op_t<_IntegerType> std::operator<<(std::byte, _IntegerType)' /usr/include/c++/8/cstddef:124: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'std::cout' (type 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'}) to type 'std::byte' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/bits/basic_string.h:48, from /usr/include/c++/8/string:52, from /usr/include/c++/8/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/include/c++/8/ios:42, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/string_view:545: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>)' /usr/include/c++/8/string_view:545: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'std::basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/string:52, from /usr/include/c++/8/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/include/c++/8/ios:42, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/basic_string.h:6323: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/basic_string.h:6323: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ios_base.h:46, from /usr/include/c++/8/ios:42, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/system_error:217: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::error_code&)' /usr/include/c++/8/system_error:217: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'const std::error_code&' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:500: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, _CharT)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:500: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: deduced conflicting types for parameter '_CharT' ('char' and 'std::vector<int>') In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:505: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, char)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:505: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'char' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:511: note: candidate: 'template<class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>&, char)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:511: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'char' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:517: note: candidate: 'template<class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>&, signed char)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:517: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'signed char' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:522: note: candidate: 'template<class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>&, unsigned char)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:522: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'unsigned char' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:542: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const _CharT*)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:542: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: mismatched types 'const _CharT*' and 'std::vector<int>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:696, from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:321: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const char*)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/ostream.tcc:321: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'const char*' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:559: note: candidate: 'template<class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>&, const char*)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:559: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'const char*' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:572: note: candidate: 'template<class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>&, const signed char*)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:572: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'const signed char*' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:577: note: candidate: 'template<class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, _Traits>&, const unsigned char*)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:577: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'const unsigned char*' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/istream:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/sstream:38, from /usr/include/c++/8/complex:45, from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:685: note: candidate: 'template<class _Ostream, class _Tp> typename std::enable_if<std::__and_<std::__not_<std::is_lvalue_reference<_Tp> >, std::__is_convertible_to_basic_ostream<_Ostream>, std::__is_insertable<typename std::__is_convertible_to_basic_ostream<_Tp>::__ostream_type, const _Tp&, void> >::value, typename std::__is_convertible_to_basic_ostream<_Tp>::__ostream_type>::type std::operator<<(_Ostream&&, const _Tp&)' /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:685: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: /usr/include/c++/8/ostream: In substitution of 'template<class _Ostream, class _Tp> typename std::enable_if<std::__and_<std::__not_<std::is_lvalue_reference<_Tp> >, std::__is_convertible_to_basic_ostream<_Ostream>, std::__is_insertable<typename std::__is_convertible_to_basic_ostream<_Tp>::__ostream_type, const _Tp&, void> >::value, typename std::__is_convertible_to_basic_ostream<_Tp>::__ostream_type>::type std::operator<<(_Ostream&&, const _Tp&) [with _Ostream = std::basic_ostream<char>&; _Tp = std::vector<int>]': c.cc:2: required from here /usr/include/c++/8/ostream:685: error: no type named 'type' in 'struct std::enable_if<false, std::basic_ostream<char>&>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/ccomplex:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:52, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/complex:547: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::complex<_Tp>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/complex:547: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::complex<_Tp>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:66, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bitset:1534: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits, long unsigned int _Nb> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::bitset<_Nb>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bitset:1534: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::bitset<_Nb>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:79: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Resetiosflags)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:79: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'std::_Resetiosflags' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:109: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Setiosflags)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:109: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'std::_Setiosflags' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:143: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Setbase)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:143: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'std::_Setbase' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:178: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Setfill<_CharT>)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:178: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'std::_Setfill<_CharT>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:208: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Setprecision)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:208: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'std::_Setprecision' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:238: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Setw)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:238: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'std::_Setw' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:311: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _MoneyT> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Put_money<_MoneyT>)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:311: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'std::_Put_money<_MoneyT>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:72, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:363: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::_Put_time<_CharT>)' /usr/include/c++/8/iomanip:363: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'std::_Put_time<_CharT>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/memory:81, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:82, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/shared_ptr.h:66: note: candidate: 'template<class _Ch, class _Tr, class _Tp, __gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy _Lp> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/shared_ptr.h:66: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::__shared_ptr<_Tp, _Lp>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:592, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom1, class _Dom2> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_Expr, std::_Expr, _Dom1, _Dom2>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator<<(const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const std::_Expr<_Dom2, typename _Dom2::value_type>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:592, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_Expr, std::_Constant, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator<<(const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const typename _Dom::value_type&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:592, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_Constant, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator<<(const typename _Dom::value_type&, const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:592, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_Expr, std::_ValArray, _Dom, typename _Dom::value_type>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator<<(const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&, const std::valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:592, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: candidate: 'template<class _Dom> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_ValArray, std::_Expr, typename _Dom::value_type, _Dom>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, typename _Dom1::value_type>::result_type> std::operator<<(const std::valarray<typename _Dom::value_type>&, const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/valarray_after.h:410: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::_Expr<_Dom1, typename _Dom1::value_type>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:1180: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_ValArray, std::_ValArray, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator<<(const std::valarray<_Tp>&, const std::valarray<_Tp>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:1180: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:1180: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_ValArray, std::_Constant, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator<<(const std::valarray<_Tp>&, const _Tp&)' /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:1180: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:95, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:1180: note: candidate: 'template<class _Tp> std::_Expr<std::_BinClos<std::__shift_left, std::_Constant, std::_ValArray, _Tp, _Tp>, typename std::__fun<std::__shift_left, _Tp>::result_type> std::operator<<(const _Tp&, const std::valarray<_Tp>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/valarray:1180: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::valarray<_Tp>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/future:39, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:105, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/thread:323: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::thread::id)' /usr/include/c++/8/thread:323: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'std::thread::id' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:49, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.h:1262: note: candidate: 'template<class _RandomNumberEngine, long unsigned int __w, class _UIntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::independent_bits_engine<_RandomNumberEngine, __w, _UIntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.h:1262: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::independent_bits_engine<_RandomNumberEngine, __w, _UIntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:874: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::uniform_int_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:874: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::uniform_int_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:933: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::uniform_real_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:933: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::uniform_real_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2126: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::cauchy_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2126: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::cauchy_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:995: note: candidate: 'template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::bernoulli_distribution&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:995: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: cannot convert 'v' (type 'std::vector<int>') to type 'const std::bernoulli_distribution&' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1077: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::geometric_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1077: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::geometric_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1734: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::exponential_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1734: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::exponential_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2525: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::weibull_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2525: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::weibull_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2601: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::extreme_value_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2601: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::extreme_value_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:153: note: candidate: 'template<class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:153: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:474: note: candidate: 'template<class _UIntType1, long unsigned int __w1, long unsigned int __n1, long unsigned int __m1, long unsigned int __r1, _UIntType1 __a1, long unsigned int __u1, _UIntType1 __d1, long unsigned int __s1, _UIntType1 __b1, long unsigned int __t1, _UIntType1 __c1, long unsigned int __l1, _UIntType1 __f1, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:474: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:629: note: candidate: 'template<class _UIntType, long unsigned int __w, long unsigned int __s, long unsigned int __r, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:629: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:699: note: candidate: 'template<class _RandomNumberEngine, long unsigned int __p, long unsigned int __r, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::discard_block_engine<_RandomNumberEngine, __p, __r>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:699: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::discard_block_engine<_RandomNumberEngine, __p, __r>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:828: note: candidate: 'template<class _RandomNumberEngine, long unsigned int __k, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::shuffle_order_engine<_RandomNumberEngine, __k>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:828: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::shuffle_order_engine<_RandomNumberEngine, __k>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1192: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1192: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1403: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::poisson_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1403: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::poisson_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1670: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::binomial_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1670: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::binomial_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1901: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType1, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::normal_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1901: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::normal_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1966: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::lognormal_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:1966: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::lognormal_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2039: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::chi_squared_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2039: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::chi_squared_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2203: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::fisher_f_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2203: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::fisher_f_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2278: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::student_t_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2278: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::student_t_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2447: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType1, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::gamma_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2447: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::gamma_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2737: note: candidate: 'template<class _IntType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::discrete_distribution<_IntType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2737: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::discrete_distribution<_IntType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2947: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:2947: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>' In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/random:51, from /usr/include/c++/8/x86_64-redhat-linux/bits/stdc++.h:108, from c.cc:1: /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:3163: note: candidate: 'template<class _RealType, class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>&)' /usr/include/c++/8/bits/random.tcc:3163: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: c.cc:2: note: 'std::vector<int>' is not derived from 'const std::piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>'
On the other hand, -Wfatal-errors
makes it all stop:
vector<int> v; cout << v;
c.cc:2: error: no match for 'operator<<' in 'std::cout << v' (operand types are 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} and 'std::vector<int>')
This works:
stringstream ss; ss << 42; cout << "It is " << ss.str() << '\n';
It is 42
Why does this fail?
stringstream ss; cout << "It is " << (ss << 42).str() << '\n';
c.cc:2: error: 'class std::basic_ostream<char>' has no member named 'str'
Go nuts and read the error message. The entire message.
vector<int> x; x.pushback(3);
c.cc:2: error: 'class std::vector<int>' has no member named 'pushback'; did you mean 'push_back'?
Well, that used to be difficult, until g++ started doing spelling correction.
class Foo { public: int n; }; ostream &operator>>(ostream &os, const Foo &f) { return os << f.n; } int main() { Foo bar; cout << bar; }
c.cc:12: error: no match for 'operator<<' in 'std::cout << bar' (operand types are 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} and 'Foo')
class Foo { public: int n; }; ostream &operator<<(ostream os, const Foo &f) { return os << f.n; } int main() { Foo bar; cout << bar; }
c.cc:12: error: use of deleted function 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::basic_ostream(const std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]'