CS253: Software Development with C++

Spring 2020

HW 4

CS253 HW4: Time to get classy!                

Description                

For this assignment, you will write a standalone class called Ratio, which will represent a fraction, e.g., 2/3 or −6/5. Specifically, you will provide Ratio.h, which will contain the interface of that class, and the library libhw4.a, which will contain the implementation of that class.                 

Methods                

Some methods are forbidden:                

no default ctor
The default (no-argument) ctor for Ratio must fail to compile. This is not a run-time error; it’s a compile-time error.
no floating-point ctors
Ratio(float), Ratio(double), and Ratio(long double) must all fail to compile.

Ratio must have the following public methods:                

Ratio(long numerator, long denominator)
Create a ratio representing the fraction numerator/denominator. If the denominator is not given, assume a denominator of one. If the denominator is zero, throw a runtime_error with an appropriate string.
Ratio(int numerator, int denominator)
Same as above, but using ints rather than longs.
Copy constructor
Copy all information from another object of the same class.
Assignment operator
Copy all information from another object of the same class, replacing any previous information.
Destructor
Destroy.
.numerator()
Return the numerator as a long.
.numerator(long)
Set the numerator.
.denominator()
Return the denominator as a long.
.denominator(long)
Set the denominator. If the denominator is zero, throw a runtime_error with an appropriate string, and leave the object unchanged.
.ratio()
Return a long double representing the fraction. For example, Ratio(3,4).ratio() would return a long double with the value 0.75.
.add(Ratio, …)
Add all the arguments to the current Ratio, resulting in yet another Ratio, returned by value. This method will not modify the current object, or any arguments. It is possible for this method to have one to eight Ratio arguments.
.subtract(Ratio)
Subtract the argument from the current Ratio, resulting in a third Ratio, returned by value. This method will not modify the current object, or the argument.
.multiply(Ratio)
Multiply the argument by the current Ratio, resulting in a third Ratio, returned by value. This method will not modify the current object, or the argument.
.divide(Ratio)
Divide the current Ratio by the argument, resulting in a third Ratio, returned by value. This method will not modify the current object, or the argument. If this results in a divisor of zero, throw a runtime_error with an appropriate string.
.compare(Ratio)
Compare the current object to another Ratio. If the current object is smaller, return an int less than zero. If the current object is larger, return an int greater than zero. If they’re equal, return zero.
.compare(long double)
Compare the .ratio() of the current object to a long double. If the current object is smaller, return an int less than zero. If the current object is larger, return an int greater than zero. If they’re equal, return zero.

Non-methods:                

ostream << Ratio
Write the numerator, a slash, and the denominator to the ostream. Nothing else—no whitespace.
istream >> Ratio
Read a long int numerator, a slash, and a long int denominator from the istream, skipping optional whitespace before each one. If an error occurs, set the state of the istream to failure, and leave the Ratio object unchanged. A zero divisor can either cause istream failure, throw a runtime_error, or both.

Const-correctness, for arguments, methods, and operators, is your job. For example, it must be possible to call .ratio() on a const Ratio, or to add a two const Ratio objects together.                 

You may define other methods or data, public or private, as you see fit. You may define other classes, as you see fit. However, to use the Ratio class, the user need only #include "Ratio.h", not any other header files.                 

Normalization                

A Ratio must be normalized :

Errors                

Debugging                

If you encounter “STACK FRAME LINK OVERFLOW”, then try this:

    export STACK_FRAME_LINK_OVERRIDE=ffff-ad921d60486366258809553a3db49a4a

Libraries                

libhw4.a is a library file. It contains a number of *.o (object) files. It must contain Ratio.o, but it may also contain whatever other *.o files you need. The CMakeLists.txt shown creates libhw4.a. It does not contain main().                 

Testing                

You will have to write a main() function to test your code. Put it in a separate file, and do not make it part of libhw4.a. Particularly, do not put main() in Ratio.h or Ratio.cc. You will also have to create Ratio.h, and put it into hw4.tar. We will test your program by doing something like this:                 

    mkdir a-new-directory
    cd the-new-directory
    tar -x </some/where/else/hw4.tar
    cmake . && make
    cp /some/other/place/test-program.cc .
    g++ -Wall test-program.cc libhw4.a
    ./a.out

We will supply a main program to do the testing that we want. You should do something similar.                 

Sample Run                

Here is a sample run, where % is my shell prompt:                 

% cat CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
project(Homework)

# Using -Wall is required:
add_compile_options(-Wall)

# These compile flags are highly recommended, but not required:
add_compile_options(-Wextra -Wpedantic)

# Optional super-strict mode:
add_compile_options(-fmessage-length=80 -fno-diagnostics-show-option)
add_compile_options(-fstack-protector-all -g -O3 -std=c++14 -Walloc-zero)
add_compile_options(-Walloca -Wctor-dtor-privacy -Wduplicated-cond)
add_compile_options(-Wduplicated-branches -Werror -Wfatal-errors -Winit-self)
add_compile_options(-Wlogical-op -Wold-style-cast -Wshadow)
add_compile_options(-Wunused-const-variable=1 -Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant)

# add_compile_options must be BEFORE add_executable or add_library.

add_library(hw4 Ratio.cc)
add_executable(test test.cc)
target_link_libraries(test hw4)

# Create a tar file every time:
add_custom_target(hw4.tar ALL COMMAND tar cf hw4.tar Ratio.cc Ratio.h test.cc CMakeLists.txt)
% cat test.cc
#include "Ratio.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

using std::cerr;
using std::cout;
using std::ifstream;
using std::runtime_error;

int main() {
    Ratio f12(-2,-4), f34(3L,4L), seven_eights = Ratio(7).divide(Ratio(8));
    const Ratio f78(seven_eights), one(f34.divide(f34));
    assert(f12.numerator() == 1);
    assert(f12.denominator() == 2);
    assert(f12.ratio() == 0.5);
    assert(f34.ratio() == 0.75);
    assert(f78.ratio() == 0.875);
    assert(f12.add(f34).multiply(f78).ratio() == 1.09375);
    assert(f12.ratio() == 0.5);
    assert(f34.ratio() == 0.75);
    assert(f78.ratio() == 0.875);
    assert(Ratio(1,5).add(Ratio(1,7)).compare(Ratio(12,35)) == 0);

    assert(f12.compare(f34) < 0);
    assert(f34.compare(f12) > 0);
    assert(f34.compare(Ratio(-66,-88)) == 0);
    assert(f12.add(f34).compare(Ratio(5,4)) == 0);
    assert(f12.add(f34).ratio() == 1.25);
    assert(f12.add(f34).compare(1.25L) == 0);
    assert(f12.add(f34, f78, f12, f34, f78).ratio() == 4.250);
    assert(f34.add(one,one,one,one,one,one,one,one).ratio() == 8.75);

    Ratio r(42, 666);
    r.numerator(0);
    r.numerator(700);
    r.denominator(-3000);
    assert(r.numerator() == -7);
    assert(r.denominator() == 30);

    cout << "Should be |-7/30|: |" << r << "|\n";

    ifstream in("data");
    if (!in) {
        cerr << "Can’t open data\n";
        return 1;
    }
    while (in >> r)
        cout << "»»» " << r << '\n';

    try {
        r.denominator(0);
        cout << "Should not get here.\n";
    }
    catch (const runtime_error &err) {
        cout << "Error detected: "  << err.what() << '\n';
    }

    return 0;
}
% cat data
03/-4           -0/999      

 0100 / +8         
% cmake .
… cmake output appears here …
% make
… make output appears here …
% ./test
Should be |-7/30|: |-7/30|
»»» -3/4
»»» 0/1
»»» 25/2
Error detected: divisor of zero

Hints                

Requirements                

If you have any questions about the requirements, ask. In the real world, your programming tasks will almost always be vague and incompletely specified. Same here.                 

Tar file                

    cmake . && make

How to submit your work:                

Use web checkin, or Linux checkin:                 

    ~cs253/bin/checkin HW4 hw4.tar

How to receive negative points:                

Turn in someone else’s work.